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Human Papillomavirus Infection and Vaccine

Human Papillomavirus (HPV) is a sexually transmitted infection that includes a group of related viruses. HPV infections are common, and while most cases resolve on their own, persistent infections can lead to various cancers, including cervical, anal, and oropharyngeal cancers. HPV vaccines, such as Gardasil and Cervarix, have been developed to protect against the most common high-risk HPV types. These vaccines are highly effective in preventing infection with certain HPV strains known to cause cancers and genital warts. Vaccination is recommended for both males and females, typically administered in adolescence before potential exposure to the virus. The vaccine's success has led to a reduction in HPV-related diseases, including a significant decrease in cervical pre-cancers and genital warts in vaccinated populations. Regular screenings, such as Pap smears and HPV tests, remain essential for early detection of HPV-related cancers. Education and awareness campaigns emphasize the importance of vaccination, screening, and safe sexual practices in reducing the overall burden of HPV infections and associated cancers. Ongoing research explores expanding vaccine coverage and addressing challenges related to global access and vaccine hesitancy.

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