By chemically linking antigens to carrier proteins, conjugate vaccines have transformed immune responses, particularly in infants and young children. This technique enhances T-cell involvement, improving immunological memory and long-term protection against encapsulated bacteria. Conjugation has enabled successful vaccines against pathogens like Haemophilus influenzae type b, Streptococcus pneumoniae, and Neisseria meningitidis. Research continues to optimize carrier protein selection, conjugation methods, and antigen presentation. The expanding use of synthetic linkers and bioconjugation technologies also increases stability and scalability. As antimicrobial resistance rises and new serotypes emerge, conjugate vaccines remain a cornerstone in pediatric and adult immunization programs, bridging safety and efficacy in populations with varied immune responses.
Khursheed Nadeem Anwer
IMUNON, United States
Ping Xie
Rutgers University, United States
Regina Au
BioMarketing Insight, United States
Madhu Khanna
University of Delhi, India
Lara Isis Teodoro
Mayo Clinic, United States
Ahmed Abdulazeez
BHRUT Trust, United Kingdom
Elena Chiappini
University of Florence, Italy
Ayesha Zahid
Griffith University, Australia
Livia Daflon Silva
Federal University of State of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
Neha Bhandari
Chitkara University, IndiaSubmit your abstract Today
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Khursheed Nadeem Anwer, IMUNON, United States
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Madhu Khanna, University of Delhi, India
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Elena Chiappini, University of Florence, Italy