Cytomegalovirus (CMV) is a member of the herpesvirus family and is widespread, infecting people of all ages worldwide. Transmission commonly occurs through bodily fluids, including saliva, urine, blood, and breast milk. In healthy individuals, CMV infections are often asymptomatic or cause mild flu-like symptoms. However, CMV poses a greater risk to individuals with weakened immune systems, such as transplant recipients, HIV/AIDS patients, and newborns. Congenital CMV, transmitted from an infected mother to her baby during pregnancy, can result in developmental issues and long-term health complications. CMV establishes lifelong latency after primary infection, and reactivation can occur during periods of immunosuppression. Diagnosis involves various laboratory tests, including polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and serological assays. Antiviral medications are available for severe or symptomatic cases, but no vaccine is currently approved for general use. Prevention strategies include practicing good hygiene, especially for pregnant women, and implementing infection control measures in healthcare settings to reduce the risk of transmission.
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