Viral cell transformation is a complex phenomenon where certain viruses have the ability to alter the normal growth and behavior of host cells, leading to cellular transformation. This process is particularly associated with oncoviruses, viruses that can induce the formation of cancerous cells. During viral cell transformation, viral genes or proteins interfere with the host cell's regulatory mechanisms, promoting uncontrolled cell growth and evasion of normal cellular checkpoints. This can result in the formation of tumors and contribute to the development of various cancers. Examples of viruses associated with cell transformation include human papillomavirus (HPV), Epstein-Barr virus (EBV), and hepatitis B and C viruses. These viruses are implicated in cervical cancer, Burkitt's lymphoma, and hepatocellular carcinoma, respectively. Viral oncoproteins, such as the E6 and E7 proteins of HPV, can disrupt the functions of tumor suppressor proteins and promote genomic instability. Understanding the mechanisms of viral cell transformation is crucial for developing strategies to prevent and treat virus-induced cancers, highlighting the intersection of virology and cancer biology.
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