The evolution of pathogens is a major challenge in the development and effectiveness of vaccines. As pathogens mutate, they may alter the antigens that trigger immune responses, potentially rendering previously developed vaccines less effective or ineffective against new strains. This is particularly evident in rapidly evolving viruses like influenza, HIV, and SARS-CoV-2. Mutations and genetic shifts in these viruses may lead to antigenic variation, meaning that the immune system may no longer recognize the pathogen in the same way. To address this issue, scientists are employing advanced techniques such as genomic surveillance and predictive modeling to track the evolution of pathogens and anticipate new variants. By understanding these evolutionary patterns, vaccine developers can design more adaptable and broad-spectrum vaccines that remain effective even as pathogens evolve, ensuring continued protection against emerging threats.
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Title : Tubercular disease in children: Optimizing treatment strategies through disease insights
Elena Chiappini, University of Florence, Italy
Title : Prophylactic and Molecular Approaches for Mitigating Human Influenza A Viruses: i. Evaluating influenza Vaccine Effectiveness in the Older population ii. Down-regulation of influenza virus genes with novel siRNA-chimeric-ribozyme constructs
Madhu Khanna, University of Delhi, India
Title : The role of immunity in the pathogenesis of SARS-COV-2 and in the protection generated by COVID-19 in different age groups
Ahmed Abdulazeez, BHRUT Trust, United Kingdom
Title : Development of a Novel Multi-component Vaccine to Address the Burden of Otitis Media in High-Risk Populations
Ayesha Zahid, Griffith University, Australia
Title : Targeting resistance: New 4-substituted pyrazolidine and isoxazolidine as antibiotics with interesting antimicrobial activities
Yousfi Tarek, Nationale Research for Biotechnology Research Center, Algeria
Title : Racial disparities in pediatric pneumonia in Brazil: The role of structural racism forging inequalities in acess to vaccines
Livia Daflon Silva, Federal University of State of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
Title : Immunosuppression in COVID-19 Patients and Emerging Fungal Infections: Vaccines, Diagnosis and Strategies to Treat Comorbidities
K R Aneja, Kurukshetra University, India
Title : Immunogenicity and Cryo-EM structure of native-like HIV-1 Clade-C envelope trimers derived from a pediatric elite-neutralizer
Swarandeep Singh, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, India
Title : Why is the vaccine life-threatening if people get a fever after a COVID-19 vaccination
Yacob Mathai, Marma Health Centre, India
Title : Barriers to polio eradication in South Asia: A systematic review
Awranoos Ahadi, Bolan Medical College, Pakistan