Inoculation is a historical method of immunization that involves introducing a weakened or killed form of a pathogen into the body to stimulate an immune response without causing the disease. This practice, originating in Asia, was traditionally used to prevent smallpox and later inspired the development of vaccines. The process typically involves introducing a small amount of infectious material, such as pus or scabs from a person with a mild case of the disease, into the skin or nasal passages of a healthy individual. This exposure triggers the immune system to mount a defense, leading to the development of immunity against the pathogen. While early inoculation methods had risks and variable efficacy, the concept laid the foundation for the development of modern vaccines. Today's vaccines are carefully designed to provide safer and more controlled exposure to antigens, ensuring robust immune responses without causing disease. Inoculation practices have significantly evolved, contributing to the success of vaccination programs worldwide. The historical significance of inoculation underscores its role in shaping immunization strategies and preventing the spread of infectious diseases.
Khursheed Nadeem Anwer
IMUNON, United States
Ping Xie
Rutgers University, United States
Regina Au
BioMarketing Insight, United States
Madhu Khanna
University of Delhi, India
Lara Isis Teodoro
Mayo Clinic, United States
Ahmed Abdulazeez
BHRUT Trust, United Kingdom
Elena Chiappini
University of Florence, Italy
Ayesha Zahid
Griffith University, Australia
Livia Daflon Silva
Federal University of State of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
Neha Bhandari
Chitkara University, IndiaSubmit your abstract Today
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Title : Prophylactic and molecular approaches for mitigating human influenza A viruses: i. Evaluating influenza vaccine effectiveness in the older population ii. Down-regulation of influenza virus genes with novel sirna-chimeric-ribozyme constructs
Madhu Khanna, University of Delhi, India
Title : Homology analysis of MPXV and VACV peptides underscores the need to consider both MPXV clades for vaccine development
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Title : The role of immunity in the pathogenesis of SARS-COV-2 and in the protection generated by COVID-19 in different age groups
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Title : Establishing a platform method for physical appearance assessment of new parenteral pharmaceuticals
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Elena Chiappini, University of Florence, Italy