Inoculation is a historical method of immunization that involves introducing a weakened or killed form of a pathogen into the body to stimulate an immune response without causing the disease. This practice, originating in Asia, was traditionally used to prevent smallpox and later inspired the development of vaccines. The process typically involves introducing a small amount of infectious material, such as pus or scabs from a person with a mild case of the disease, into the skin or nasal passages of a healthy individual. This exposure triggers the immune system to mount a defense, leading to the development of immunity against the pathogen. While early inoculation methods had risks and variable efficacy, the concept laid the foundation for the development of modern vaccines. Today's vaccines are carefully designed to provide safer and more controlled exposure to antigens, ensuring robust immune responses without causing disease. Inoculation practices have significantly evolved, contributing to the success of vaccination programs worldwide. The historical significance of inoculation underscores its role in shaping immunization strategies and preventing the spread of infectious diseases.
Duccio Medini
BioForge, United States
Jocelyn Jakubik
Apex Pathogen Solutions, United States
Sergey V Suchkov
N.D. Zelinskii Institute for Organic Chemistry of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Russian Federation
Rosane Cuber Guimaraes
Bio-Manguinhos/ Fiocruz, Brazil
Zhujun Ao
University of Manitoba, Canada
Huanhuan Li
Queen’s University Belfast, United Kingdom
Madhu Khanna
University of Delhi, India
Ashish Kumar Maurya
John Snow India, India
Ayman H M El Deeb
Cairo University, Egypt
Lei Chen
Yikang Biotech Suzhou Co., Ltd, ChinaSubmit your abstract Today
Title : A universal AI design framework and brokerage platform for democratised manufacturing of mRNA therapeutics
Duccio Medini, BioForge, United States
Title : Personalized and Precision Medicine (PPM) via biodesign-driven translational applications and upgraded business modeling to secure the human biosafety: The next-step vaccinomics of the future
Sergey V Suchkov, N.D. Zelinskii Institute for Organic Chemistry of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Russian Federation
Title : Development of VSV-vector based vaccine against H5N1 avian influenza by targeting both H5N1 hemagglutinin and matrix protein 2
Zhujun Ao, University of Manitoba, Canada
Title : A novel responsive microneedle platform for reliable drug and vaccine delivery
Huanhuan Li, Queen’s University Belfast, United Kingdom
Title : Emerging nanovaccine strategies for enhanced immune targeting and vaccine performance
Aysel Sadayli, V.Y. Axundov Scientific-Research Institute of Medical Prophylaxis, Azerbaijan
Title : The promise of nanotechnology in Personalized & Precision Medicine: Nano-driven precision vaccinomics of the future
Sergey V Suchkov, N.D. Zelinskii Institute for Organic Chemistry of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Russian Federation
Title : Reaching zero-dose children through adaptive immunization strategies in security-compromised areas of Zamfara State, Nigeria
Attahir Abubakar, Ahmadu Bello University, Nigeria
Title : Comparative efficacy of different H9N2 avian influenza virus inactivated vaccines using some commercially available adjuvants for superior control in broilers
Ayman H M El Deeb, Cairo University, Egypt
Title : Structure-based design and development of next-generation Respiratory Syncytial Virus (RSV) vaccine
Lei Chen, Yikang Biotech Suzhou Co., Ltd, China
Title : Unmasking urban immunization inequities: A cross-sectional LQAS analysis of zero-dose drivers in slum and non-slum settings of Uttar Pradesh, India
Ashish Kumar Maurya, John Snow India, India