Inoculation is a historical method of immunization that involves introducing a weakened or killed form of a pathogen into the body to stimulate an immune response without causing the disease. This practice, originating in Asia, was traditionally used to prevent smallpox and later inspired the development of vaccines. The process typically involves introducing a small amount of infectious material, such as pus or scabs from a person with a mild case of the disease, into the skin or nasal passages of a healthy individual. This exposure triggers the immune system to mount a defense, leading to the development of immunity against the pathogen. While early inoculation methods had risks and variable efficacy, the concept laid the foundation for the development of modern vaccines. Today's vaccines are carefully designed to provide safer and more controlled exposure to antigens, ensuring robust immune responses without causing disease. Inoculation practices have significantly evolved, contributing to the success of vaccination programs worldwide. The historical significance of inoculation underscores its role in shaping immunization strategies and preventing the spread of infectious diseases.
Title : Prophylactic and molecular approaches for mitigating human influenza A viruses: i. Evaluating influenza vaccine effectiveness in the older population ii. Down-regulation of influenza virus genes with novel sirna-chimeric-ribozyme constructs
Madhu Khanna, University of Delhi, India
Title : Homology analysis of MPXV and VACV peptides underscores the need to consider both MPXV clades for vaccine development
Lara Isis Teodoro, Mayo Clinic, United States
Title : High seroprevalence of RSV antibodies in adults indicates potential undetected transmission and requires further public health assessment
Lara Isis Teodoro, Mayo Clinic, United States
Title : A promising novel approach to DNA vaccines
Khursheed Anwer, IMUNON, United States
Title : The role of immunity in the pathogenesis of SARS-COV-2 and in the protection generated by COVID-19 in different age groups
Ahmed Abdulazeez, BHRUT Trust, United Kingdom
Title : Development of a novel multi-component vaccine to address the burden of otitis media in high-risk populations
Ayesha Zahid, Griffith University, Australia
Title : Tubercular disease in children: Optimizing treatment strategies through disease insights
Elena Chiappini, University of Florence, Italy
Title : New biomarkers in leishmania major vaccine development
Negar Seyed, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Iran (Islamic Republic of)
Title : Racial disparities in pediatric pneumonia in Brazil: The role of structural racism forging inequalities in acess to vaccines
Livia Daflon Silva, Federal University of State of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
Title : Approaches towards developing and establishing a biomanufacturing research & development, and manufacturing industry in Zimbabwe: A review of the need, potential funding sources, policy development and implementation
Elliot Nyagumbo, Midlands State University, Zimbabwe