Herd Immunity, also known as community immunity, is a critical concept in public health and vaccination strategy. It occurs when a significant portion of a population becomes immune to a contagious disease, either through vaccination or prior infection, thereby providing indirect protection to those who are not immune or cannot be vaccinated. The concept of herd immunity hinges on the idea that when a large proportion of the population is immune to a disease, the spread of the disease is effectively slowed or halted. This is because the immune individuals act as barriers, making it more difficult for the virus to find susceptible hosts to infect. Vaccines play a crucial role in achieving herd immunity by boosting immunity in individuals and reducing the overall transmission of the disease. When a high percentage of the population is vaccinated against a contagious disease, the likelihood of an outbreak occurring decreases significantly.
The threshold for achieving herd immunity varies depending on the contagiousness of the disease. For highly contagious diseases like measles, which has a high basic reproduction number (R0), herd immunity requires vaccination coverage of around 95% to prevent outbreaks. For less contagious diseases, the threshold may be lower. Herd immunity not only protects individuals who are unable to be vaccinated, such as infants, elderly individuals, and those with certain medical conditions, but also helps to prevent the emergence of new outbreaks and epidemics. However, achieving herd immunity can be challenging, particularly in the face of vaccine hesitancy, misinformation, and access barriers. In recent years, concerns about vaccine safety and efficacy have led to declining vaccination rates in some communities, making it more difficult to achieve and maintain herd immunity. The COVID-19 pandemic has underscored the importance of herd immunity in controlling the spread of infectious diseases. Efforts to vaccinate large segments of the population against COVID-19 have been underway worldwide, with the goal of reaching herd immunity and ending the pandemic.
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Title : Tubercular disease in children: Optimizing treatment strategies through disease insights
Elena Chiappini, University of Florence, Italy
Title : Prophylactic and Molecular Approaches for Mitigating Human Influenza A Viruses: i. Evaluating influenza Vaccine Effectiveness in the Older population ii. Down-regulation of influenza virus genes with novel siRNA-chimeric-ribozyme constructs
Madhu Khanna, University of Delhi, India
Title : The role of immunity in the pathogenesis of SARS-COV-2 and in the protection generated by COVID-19 in different age groups
Ahmed Abdulazeez, BHRUT Trust, United Kingdom
Title : Development of a Novel Multi-component Vaccine to Address the Burden of Otitis Media in High-Risk Populations
Ayesha Zahid, Griffith University, Australia
Title : Targeting resistance: New 4-substituted pyrazolidine and isoxazolidine as antibiotics with interesting antimicrobial activities
Yousfi Tarek, Nationale Research for Biotechnology Research Center, Algeria
Title : Racial disparities in pediatric pneumonia in Brazil: The role of structural racism forging inequalities in acess to vaccines
Livia Daflon Silva, Federal University of State of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
Title : Immunosuppression in COVID-19 Patients and Emerging Fungal Infections: Vaccines, Diagnosis and Strategies to Treat Comorbidities
K R Aneja, Kurukshetra University, India
Title : Immunogenicity and Cryo-EM structure of native-like HIV-1 Clade-C envelope trimers derived from a pediatric elite-neutralizer
Swarandeep Singh, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, India
Title : Why is the vaccine life-threatening if people get a fever after a COVID-19 vaccination
Yacob Mathai, Marma Health Centre, India
Title : Barriers to polio eradication in South Asia: A systematic review
Awranoos Ahadi, Bolan Medical College, Pakistan