The co-evolution of pathogens and vaccines is an ongoing and dynamic process, where pathogens continuously evolve to evade the immune responses triggered by vaccines, and vaccines are updated to counter these adaptations. Pathogens, particularly viruses and bacteria, evolve rapidly, developing mutations that help them escape detection by the immune system. This ongoing evolutionary battle necessitates regular updates to vaccines to ensure they remain effective. For example, influenza viruses mutate each season, requiring new formulations of the flu vaccine. Similarly, COVID-19 variants have led to updates in vaccine compositions. The co-evolution process is a driving force for developing next-generation vaccines that can target multiple strains or provide broader protection against a wide range of pathogens. Vaccine developers must stay ahead of pathogen evolution, ensuring that vaccines can continue to offer immunity against newly emerging strains, thereby maintaining their role in global health.
Khursheed Anwer
IMUNON, United States
Ping Xie
Rutgers University, United States
Regina Au
BioMarketing Insight, United States
Madhu Khanna
University of Delhi, India
Lara Isis Teodoro
Mayo Clinic, United States
Ahmed Abdulazeez
BHRUT Trust, United Kingdom
Elena Chiappini
University of Florence, Italy
Ayesha Zahid
Griffith University, Australia
Livia Daflon Silva
Federal University of State of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
Neha Bhandari
Chitkara University, IndiaSubmit your abstract Today
Title : The importance of post-marketing surveillance and real-world data: For a product to be successful
Regina Au, BioMarketing Insight, United States
Title : A promising novel approach to DNA vaccines
Khursheed Anwer, IMUNON, United States
Title : Prophylactic and molecular approaches for mitigating human influenza A viruses: i. Evaluating influenza vaccine effectiveness in the older population ii. Down-regulation of influenza virus genes with novel sirna-chimeric-ribozyme constructs
Madhu Khanna, University of Delhi, India
Title : Post COVID-19 syndrome is associated with sex and severity of first COVID-19 episode in Honduras
Manuel Antonio Sierra Santos, Central American Technological University, Honduras
Title : Homology analysis of MPXV and VACV peptides underscores the need to consider both MPXV clades for vaccine development
Lara Isis Teodoro, Mayo Clinic, United States
Title : Establishing a platform method for physical appearance assessment of new parenteral pharmaceuticals
Ying Wan, Merck & Co., United States
Title : Development of a novel multi-component vaccine to address the burden of otitis media in high-risk populations
Ayesha Zahid, Griffith University, Australia
Title : High seroprevalence of RSV antibodies in adults indicates potential undetected transmission and requires further public health assessment
Lara Isis Teodoro, Mayo Clinic, United States
Title : New biomarkers in leishmania major vaccine development
Negar Seyed, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Iran (Islamic Republic of)
Title : Development of a platform UPLC-CAD method for high-throughput lipid quantitation and characterization in novel mRNA LNPs
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