The cellular immune response is essential for robust and long-lasting vaccine-induced immunity, particularly against intracellular pathogens such as viruses. When a vaccine is administered, antigen-presenting cells (APCs) capture, process, and present vaccine antigens to T cells, which are central to the cellular immune response. Upon recognizing these antigens, T cells differentiate into effector cells that help eliminate infected cells. Additionally, memory T cells are created, enabling the immune system to react rapidly to future exposures. This cellular response complements the humoral (antibody) response, ensuring comprehensive immunity. The cellular response is especially critical in cases where pathogens evade antibodies by residing within host cells. Understanding the dynamics of this response can aid in designing vaccines that not only elicit strong antibody responses but also robust cellular immunity, providing better protection against complex pathogens.
Khursheed Anwer
IMUNON, United States
Regina Au
BioMarketing Insight, United States
Madhu Khanna
University of Delhi, India
Khursheed Anwer
IMUNON, United States
Ping Xie
Rutgers University, United States
Regina Au
BioMarketing Insight, United States
Madhu Khanna
University of Delhi, India
Lara Isis Teodoro
Mayo Clinic, United States
Ahmed Abdulazeez
BHRUT Trust, United KingdomSubmit your abstract Today
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Khursheed Anwer, IMUNON, United States
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Madhu Khanna, University of Delhi, India
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Ayesha Zahid, Griffith University, Australia
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Negar Seyed, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Iran (Islamic Republic of)
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