Aids Virus

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS) is caused by the Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV), a retrovirus that attacks the immune system. HIV primarily targets CD4+ T cells, compromising the body's ability to fight infections and diseases. The virus is transmitted through unprotected sexual contact, contaminated blood, and from mother to child during childbirth or breastfeeding. HIV progresses through various stages, with initial flu-like symptoms leading to asymptomatic latency and eventually to AIDS if left untreated. The virus weakens the immune system, making individuals susceptible to opportunistic infections and certain cancers. Antiretroviral therapy (ART) has significantly improved the prognosis for individuals with HIV, slowing disease progression and enhancing life expectancy. Prevention strategies, including safe sex practices, needle exchange programs, and pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP), aim to reduce new infections. Despite advancements, HIV/AIDS remains a global health challenge, particularly in sub-Saharan Africa. Ongoing research focuses on developing an effective HIV vaccine and expanding access to treatment and prevention methods. Public awareness, education, and destigmatization efforts play crucial roles in addressing the social dimensions of HIV/AIDS.