Immunometabolism refers to the changes in the metabolic processes of immune cells in response to infection or vaccination. Vaccines can influence immunometabolic pathways to enhance the function and survival of immune cells, such as T cells, B cells, and macrophages, which are essential for combating infections. When a vaccine is administered, immune cells alter their metabolism to meet the increased energy demands of pathogen detection, antigen processing, and immune response activation. This includes shifts in glucose, lipid, and amino acid metabolism, which are critical for cell proliferation and cytokine production. By understanding and leveraging immunometabolism, scientists can design vaccines that optimize immune cell function, ensuring that the immune system is not only activated but also prepared to respond more efficiently in the future. This approach has the potential to improve vaccine outcomes, especially for diseases requiring a strong and sustained immune response.
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