Title : Clinical manifestations of respiratory distress syndrome: A review of presentations and diagnostic approaches
Abstract:
Introduction: Respiratory distress syndrome (RDS), also known as hyaline membrane disease, is a common respiratory complication primarily affecting preterm infants. It is characterized by surfactant deficiency, leading to impaired lung function and respiratory insufficiency. Understanding the varied clinical manifestations of RDS is crucial for prompt diagnosis and initiation of appropriate management strategies.
Purpose: This review aims to provide a comprehensive overview of the clinical manifestations associated with respiratory distress syndrome in neonates. Additionally, it seeks to elucidate the diagnostic approaches utilized in identifying and managing RDS cases.
Materials and Methods: A thorough literature search was conducted to identify relevant studies and reviews pertaining to the clinical manifestations and diagnostic strategies for respiratory distress syndrome. Studies reporting on respiratory distress symptoms, physical examination findings, and diagnostic techniques were included in the analysis.
Results: Clinical manifestations of RDS typically manifest shortly after birth and may include tachypnea, grunting, nasal flaring, retractions, and cyanosis. Preterm infants are particularly susceptible to RDS due to insufficient surfactant production, resulting in alveolar collapse and ventilation-perfusion mismatch. Diagnosis of RDS involves a combination of clinical assessment, chest radiography, and arterial blood gas analysis. Surfactant replacement therapy and respiratory support with mechanical ventilation are cornerstone interventions in the management of RDS.
Conclusion: Early recognition and prompt intervention are essential in mitigating the morbidity and mortality associated with respiratory distress syndrome in neonates. Clinicians should maintain a high index of suspicion for RDS, especially in preterm infants, and utilize a multidisciplinary approach for optimal patient care. Further research is warranted to explore novel therapeutic strategies and improve long-term outcomes for infants affected by RDS.
Keywords: Respiratory distress syndrome, neonatal respiratory distress, preterm infants, surfactant deficiency, respiratory distress symptoms
