Title : Personalized and Precision Medicine (PPM) via biodesign-driven translational applications and upgraded business modeling to secure the human biosafety: The next-step vaccinomics of the future
Abstract:
A new systems approach to diseased states and wellness result in a new branch in the healthcare services, namely, personalized and precision medicine (PPM). To achieve the implementation of PPM concept, it is necessary to create a fundamentally new strategy based upon the subclinical recognition of biomarkers of hidden abnormalities long before the disease clinically manifests itself.
Each decision-maker values the impact of their decision to use PPM on their own budget and well-being, which may not necessarily be optimal for society as a whole. It would be extremely useful to integrate data harvesting from different databanks for applications such as prediction and personalization of further treatment to thus provide more tailored measures for the patients resulting in improved patient outcomes, reduced adverse events, and more cost effective use of the latest health care resources including diagnostic (companion ones), preventive and therapeutic (targeted molecular and cellular) etc.
In this connection, the field of PPM-based vaccinology remains empirical in many respects but combines next-generation diagnostics with state-of-the-art manufacturing to create a herd-specific, custom vaccine to help physicians prevent disease. PPM-based vaccinologyfocuses on continuous improvement in herd health by seeking solutions for ongoing and emerging disease challenges. The new fields of vaccinomics provide models that permit global profiling of the innate, humoral, and cellular immune responses integrated at a systems biology, PPM and translational medicine levels. This knowledge is being utilized to better understand the following: identifying who is at risk for which infections; the level of risk that exists regarding poor immunogenicity and/or serious adverse events; and the type or dose of vaccine needed to fully protect an individual.
PPM and systems vaccinology are becoming a valuable tool in the vaccine development whilst prompting application of systems vaccinology for investigating complex pathogens or oncogenes to get the vaccines of the next-step generation made. These promising changes call for the inclusion of systems vaccinology as early as possible in the vaccine development chain to better understand why some vaccines work and others do not. This will enable efficiency of vaccine development proportionally in the design phase and will lead to improved vaccine evaluation in early phases, thereby reducing time and costs.
Meanwhile, a lack of medical guidelines has been identified by responders as the predominant barrier for PPM adoption, indicating a need for the development of best practices and guidelines to support the implementation of PPM! This is the reason for developing global scientific, clinical, social, and educational projects in the area of PPM to elicit the content of the new branch.
Keywords: Personalized & precision medicine, biomarkers, targets, nanoparticles, nanocarriers, vaccinomics, nanovaccines, nanobiomedicine, nanotechnologies
