Before recommending a vaccine for use, it should be tested in labs. This procedure can take many years. FDA uses the information from these tests to agree whether to test the vaccine with people or not.
Throughout a clinical trial, a vaccine should be tested on people who agree to get vaccinated. The Clinical trials start with 20 - 100 volunteers, but ultimately include thousands of volunteers. These tests take so many years and answer important questions like:
Adverse effect (medicine): An adverse effect is an unwanted harmful effect resulting from an intervention or other medication, such as surgery. An adverse effect also called as a "side effect", when judged to be secondary to a main or therapeutic effect.
Adverse drug reaction: An adverse drug reaction (ADR) can be defined as an unwanted or an unappreciated harmful reaction resulting from an intervention related to the use of a medicinal product. Adverse effects usually predict dangerous from future administration and warrant prevention, or alteration of the dosage regimen, or specific treatment or withdrawal of the product.
Artificial induction of immunity: The process of artificial induction of immunity enhances people immunity to a specific disorder by means other than waiting for them to catch the disease. The aim is to decrease the risk of death and suffering. Artificially acquired active immunity can be introduced to our body by a vaccine, a drug that contains the antigen. It will encourage the response against the antigen without causing symptoms of the disease.
Title : Vaccines and monoclonal antibodies in the prolonged treatment of non-small cell lung cancer: 20 years of follow-up
Mayra Ramos Suzarte, Center of Molecular Immunology, Cuba
Title : Observational study post emergency use authorization of itolizumab in the treatment of COVID-19
Mayra Ramos Suzarte, Center of Molecular Immunology, Cuba
Title : Vaccine for AML: 2023 and beyond
Stefan Gluck, Vice President, Global Medical Affairs at Celgene Corporation, United States
Title : Purification process development of COVID antigens to identify sera needed for plasma therapy
Sushmita Koley, Senior Scientist Bio-Rad Laboratories, United States
Title : Lessons that can be learned from the rollout of the COVID-19 vaccine and the acceptance of vaccination from healthcare professionals, frontline workers and patients that need to be considered in developing a vaccine
Regina Au, BioMarketing Insight, United States
Title : Lessons learned for the future of social listening to address vaccine misinformation
Joe Smyser, The Public Good Projects, United States
Title : Why Low-Energy-Electron Irradiation might be a potential game changer for vaccine development, manufacturing, and pandemics prevention
Daniel Becker, KyooBe Tech GmbH, Germany
Title : National immunization management system- NIMS
Kashif Zulfiqar, Project Manager - NADRA, Pakistan
Title : Medicinal synthetic aluminum-magnesium silicate {Al4 (SiO4)3 + 3Mg2SiO4?2Al2 Mg3 (SiO4)3} effective for: Viral diseases; Tumors; Antimicrobial resistant infections
Maduike Chiehiura Onwubiko Ezeibe, Michael Okpara University of Agriculture, Nigeria
Title : Moving the needle for covid-19 vaccinations in Nigeria through leadership, accountability, and transparency
Fejiro Chinye Nwoko, Nigeria Solidarity Support Fund, Nigeria